1967: fix 1789: ensure that nginx resolves ipv4 addresses r=mergify[bot] a=nextgens
## What type of PR?
bug-fix
## What does this PR do?
This fixes ipv6 enabled setup by disabling it. If you were using SUBNET6 in your configuration, odds are it's broken since gunicorn isn't bound on an on an ipv6 enabled socket.
Should we backport this?
### Related issue(s)
- close#1789
- close#1802
Co-authored-by: Florent Daigniere <nextgens@freenetproject.org>
- fixed copy of qemu-arm-static for alpine
- added 'set -eu' safeguard
- silenced npm update notification
- added color to webpack call
- changed Admin-LTE default blue
(core/admin/Dockerfile)
- AdminLTE 3 style tweaks
(core/admin/assets/app.css)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/base.html)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/sidebar.html)
- localized datatables
(core/admin/Dockerfile)
(core/admin/assets/app.js)
(core/admin/package.json)
- moved external javascript code to vendor.js
(core/admin/assets/app.js)
(core/admin/assets/vendor.js)
(core/admin/webpack.config.js)
- added mailu logo
(core/admin/assets/app.js)
(core/admin/assets/app.css)
(core/admin/assets/mailu.png)
- moved all inline javascript to app.js
(core/admin/assets/app.js)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/domain/create.html)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/user/create.html)
- added iframe display of rspamd page
(core/admin/assets/app.js)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/views/base.py)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/sidebar.html)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/antispam.html)
- updated language-selector to display full language names and use post
(core/admin/assets/app.js)
(core/admin/mailu/__init__.py)
(core/admin/mailu/utils.py)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/views/languages.py)
- added fieldset to group and en/disable input fields
(core/admin/assets/app.js)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/macros.html)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/user/settings.html)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/user/reply.html)
- added clipboard copy buttons
(core/admin/assets/app.js)
(core/admin/assets/vendor.js)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/macros.html)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/domain/details.html)
- cleaned external javascript imports
(core/admin/assets/vendor.js)
- pre-split first hostname for further use
(core/admin/mailu/__init__.py)
(core/admin/mailu/models.py)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/client.html)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/domain/signup.html)
- cache dns_* properties of domain object (immutable during runtime)
(core/admin/mailu/models.py)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/domain/details.html)
- fixed and splitted dns_dkim property of domain object (space missing)
- added autoconfig and tlsa properties to domain object
(core/admin/mailu/models.py)
- suppressed extra vertical spacing in jinja2 templates
- improved accessibility for screen reader
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/**.html)
- deleted unused/broken /user/forward route
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/user/forward.html)
(core/admin/mailu/ui/views/users.py)
- updated gunicorn to 20.1.0 to get rid of buffering error at startup
(core/admin/requirements-prod.txt)
- switched webpack to production mode
(core/admin/webpack.config.js)
- added css and javascript minimization
- added pre-compression of assets (gzip)
(core/admin/webpack.config.js)
(core/admin/package.json)
- removed obsolte dependencies
- switched from node-sass to dart-sass
(core/admin/package.json)
- changed startup cleaning message from error to info
(core/admin/mailu/utils.py)
- move client config to "my account" section when logged in
(core/admin/mailu/ui/templates/sidebar.html)
1800: AdminLTE 3 r=mergify[bot] a=DjVinnii
## What type of PR?
Enhancement
## What does this PR do?
This PR implements AdminLTE 3 for the admin interface. It also includes the implementation of DataTables and a language selector.
### Related issue(s)
- closes: #1567
- closes: #1764
## Prerequistes
- [x] Unless it's docs or a minor change: add [changelog](https://mailu.io/master/contributors/guide.html#changelog) entry file.
Co-authored-by: Vincent Kling <vincentkling@msn.com>
Co-authored-by: DjVinnii <vincentkling@msn.com>
Co-authored-by: Dimitri Huisman <52963853+Diman0@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Diman0 <diman@huisman.xyz>
Co-authored-by: Dimitri Huisman <diman@huisman.xyz>
This will default to True and defer emails that fail even "loose"
validation of DANE or MTA-STS
It should work most of the time but if it doesn't and you would rather
see your emails delivered, you can turn it off.
1873: Completed Hebrew translation r=mergify[bot] a=yarons
The Hebrew translation is incomplete so I've completed it.
Co-authored-by: Yaron Shahrabani <sh.yaron@gmail.com>
1939: Ensure that we don't do multiple DNS lookups in the sieve script r=mergify[bot] a=nextgens
## What type of PR?
bug-fix
## What does this PR do?
It ensures that DNS lookups don't introduce inconsistent state. We may want to go further and actually check the return codes of rspamc too.
I haven't tested it but it should work.
### Related issue(s)
- #1938
Co-authored-by: Florent Daigniere <nextgens@freenetproject.org>
1916: Ratelimit outgoing emails per user r=mergify[bot] a=nextgens
## What type of PR?
Feature
## What does this PR do?
A conflict-free version of #1360 implementing per-user sender limits
### Related issue(s)
- close#1360
- close#1031
- close#1774
## Prerequistes
Before we can consider review and merge, please make sure the following list is done and checked.
If an entry in not applicable, you can check it or remove it from the list.
- [x] In case of feature or enhancement: documentation updated accordingly
- [x] Unless it's docs or a minor change: add [changelog](https://mailu.io/master/contributors/workflow.html#changelog) entry file.
Co-authored-by: Florent Daigniere <nextgens@freenetproject.org>
Co-authored-by: Dimitri Huisman <diman@huisman.xyz>
Adds a 'none' env option to WEBROOT_REDIRECT so that no `location /`
configuration is written to nginx.conf.
This is useful for setting up Mailu and Mailman where we override the
root to proxy to the mailing list server instead. Without this change
the nginx container will not start, or for 1.7 users can set their
WEBMAIL_PATH to / with no webmail to get the same results.
This fix means that future users don't have to choose between webmail
and a root override and makes the configuration intention clear.
I have found a list of the top100 email destinations online and ran them
through a script to ensure that all of their MX servers had valid
configuration... this is the result
1656: Add ability to set no WEBROOT_REDIRECT to Nginx r=mergify[bot] a=DavidFair
## What type of PR?
Enhancement / Documentation
## What does this PR do?
From commit:
---
Adds a 'none' env option to WEBROOT_REDIRECT so that no `location /`
configuration is written to nginx.conf.
This is useful for setting up Mailu and Mailman where we override the
root to proxy to the mailing list server instead. Without this change
the nginx container will not start, or for 1.7 users can set their
WEBMAIL_PATH to / with no webmail to get the same results.
This fix means that future users don't have to choose between webmail
and a root override and makes the configuration intention clear.
---
I've also added bullet points to break up a long flowing sentence in `configuration.rst` - it should be a bit easier to read now
### Related issue(s)
No Related Issue - I just jumped to a PR
## Prerequistes
Before we can consider review and merge, please make sure the following list is done and checked.
If an entry in not applicable, you can check it or remove it from the list.
- [x] In case of feature or enhancement: documentation updated accordingly
@ Maintainers - Is this worthy of the changelog, it's useful to know about but I imagine the number of people it affects is equally minimal?
- [ ] Unless it's docs or a minor change: add [changelog](https://mailu.io/master/contributors/guide.html#changelog) entry file.
Co-authored-by: David Fairbrother <DavidFair@users.noreply.github.com>
1901: treat localpart case insensitive again r=mergify[bot] a=ghostwheel42
## What type of PR?
bug-fix
## What does this PR do?
fixes error introduced by #1604 where the localpart of an email address was handled case sensitive.
this screwed things up at various other places.
### Related issue(s)
closes#1895closes#1900
Co-authored-by: Alexander Graf <ghostwheel42@users.noreply.github.com>
1856: update asset builder dependencies r=mergify[bot] a=ghostwheel42
## What type of PR?
update asset builder dependencies
## What does this PR do?
only include needed dependencies to build mailu assets with nodejs v8
### Related issue(s)
update dependencies as discussed in #1829
Co-authored-by: Alexander Graf <ghostwheel42@users.noreply.github.com>
1896: save dkim key after creation r=mergify[bot] a=ghostwheel42
## What type of PR?
bug-fix
## What does this PR do?
saves generated dkim key after creation vi web ui.
after the model change the domain object needs to be added and flushed via sqlalchemy.
### Related issue(s)
closes#1892
Co-authored-by: Alexander Graf <ghostwheel42@users.noreply.github.com>
1888: Use threads in gunicorn rather than workers/processes r=mergify[bot] a=nextgens
## What type of PR?
enhancement
## What does this PR do?
This ensures that we share the auth-cache... will enable memory savings
and may improve performances when a higher number of cores is available
"smarter default"
Co-authored-by: Florent Daigniere <nextgens@freenetproject.org>
1885: fix 1884: always lookup a FQDN r=mergify[bot] a=nextgens
## What type of PR?
bugfix
## What does this PR do?
Fix bug #1884. Ensure that we avoid the musl resolver bug by always looking up a FQDN
### Related issue(s)
- closes#1884
Co-authored-by: Florent Daigniere <nextgens@freenetproject.org>
1890: fix Email class in model.py r=mergify[bot] a=ghostwheel42
## What type of PR?
bug-fix
## What does this PR do?
fixes class Email - keep email, localpart and domain in sync.
### Related issue(s)
closes#1878
Co-authored-by: Alexander Graf <ghostwheel42@users.noreply.github.com>
This ensures that we share the auth-cache... will enable memory savings
and may improve performances when a higher number of cores is available
"smarter default"
1857: disable startdate when autoreply is disabled r=mergify[bot] a=ghostwheel42
## What type of PR?
bug-fix
## What does this PR do?
disable the reply startdate field when autoreply is disabled
Co-authored-by: Alexander Graf <ghostwheel42@users.noreply.github.com>
1791: Enhanced session handling r=mergify[bot] a=ghostwheel42
## What type of PR?
bug-fix
## What does this PR do?
- replaces flask_kvsession and simplekv with a mailu-specific session store
- call cleanup_sessions before first request and not on startup.
this allows to run cmdline actions without redis (and makes it faster)
- allow running without redis for debugging purposes by setting MEMORY_SESSIONS to True
- don't sign session id, as it has plenty of entropy (as suggested by nextgens)
- adds method to prune a user's sessions
### Related issue(s)
- enhances and close#1787
Co-authored-by: Alexander Graf <ghostwheel42@users.noreply.github.com>
1754: centralize Webmail authentication behind the admin panel (SSO) r=mergify[bot] a=nextgens
## What type of PR?
Enhancement: it centralizes the authentication of webmails to the admin interface.
## What does this PR do?
It implements the glue required for webmails to do SSO using the admin interface.
One of the main advantages of centralizing things this way is that it reduces significantly the attack surface available to an unauthenticated attacker (no webmail access until there is a valid Flask session).
Others include the ability to implement 2FA down the line and rate-limit things as required.
### Related issue(s)
- #783
## Prerequistes
Before we can consider review and merge, please make sure the following list is done and checked.
If an entry in not applicable, you can check it or remove it from the list.
- [x] In case of feature or enhancement: documentation updated accordingly
- [x] Unless it's docs or a minor change: add [changelog](https://mailu.io/master/contributors/guide.html#changelog) entry file.
Co-authored-by: Florent Daigniere <nextgens@freenetproject.org>
1758: Implement a simpler credential cache (alternative to #1755) r=mergify[bot] a=nextgens
## What type of PR?
Feature: it implements a credential cache to speedup authentication requests.
## What does this PR do?
Credentials are stored in cold-storage using a slow, salted/iterated hash function to prevent offline bruteforce attacks. This creates a performance bottleneck for no valid reason (see the
rationale/long version on https://github.com/Mailu/Mailu/issues/1194#issuecomment-762115549).
The new credential cache makes things fast again.
This is the simpler version of #1755 (with no new dependencies)
### Related issue(s)
- close#1411
- close#1194
- close#1755
## Prerequistes
Before we can consider review and merge, please make sure the following list is done and checked.
If an entry in not applicable, you can check it or remove it from the list.
- [x] In case of feature or enhancement: documentation updated accordingly
- [x] Unless it's docs or a minor change: add [changelog](https://mailu.io/master/contributors/guide.html#changelog) entry file.
1776: optimize generation of transport nexthop r=mergify[bot] a=ghostwheel42
## What type of PR?
bug-fix and enhancement.
## What does this PR do?
Possibly there should be more input validation when editing a relay, but for now this tries to make the best out of the existing "smtp" attribute while maintaining backwards compatibility. When relay is empty, the transport's nexthop is the MX of the relayed domain to fix#1588
```
RELAY NEXTHOP TRANSPORT
empty use MX of relay domain smtp:domain
:port use MX of relay domain and use port smtp:domain:port
target resolve A/AAAA of target smtp:[target]
target:port resolve A/AAAA of target and use port smtp:[target]:port
mx:target resolve MX of target smtp:target
mx:target:port resolve MX of target and use port smtp:target:port
lmtp:target resolve A/AAAA of target lmtp:target
lmtp:target:port resolve A/AAAA of target and use port lmtp:target:port
target can also be an IPv4 or IPv6 address (an IPv6 address must be enclosed in []: [2001:DB8::]).
```
When there is proper input validation and existing database entries are migrated this function can be made much shorter again.
### Related issue(s)
- closes#1588
- closes#1815
## Prerequistes
Before we can consider review and merge, please make sure the following list is done and checked.
If an entry in not applicable, you can check it or remove it from the list.
- [x] In case of feature or enhancement: documentation updated accordingly
- [X] Unless it's docs or a minor change: add [changelog](https://mailu.io/master/contributors/guide.html#changelog) entry file.
Co-authored-by: Florent Daigniere <nextgens@freenetproject.org>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Graf <ghostwheel42@users.noreply.github.com>
1746: DNS records for client autoconfiguration (RFC6186) r=Diman0 a=nextgens
## What type of PR?
Feature
## What does this PR do?
Add instructions on how to configure rfc6186 DNS records for client autoconfiguration
### Related issue(s)
- #224
- #498
## Prerequistes
Before we can consider review and merge, please make sure the following list is done and checked.
If an entry in not applicable, you can check it or remove it from the list.
- [x ] Unless it's docs or a minor change: add [changelog](https://mailu.io/master/contributors/guide.html#changelog) entry file.
Co-authored-by: Florent Daigniere <nextgens@freenetproject.org>
1694: update compression algorithms for current dovecot r=nextgens a=lub
## What type of PR?
enhancement
## What does this PR do?
This adds additional compression algorithms in accordance with
https://doc.dovecot.org/configuration_manual/zlib_plugin/
### Related issue(s)
## Prerequistes
Before we can consider review and merge, please make sure the following list is done and checked.
If an entry in not applicable, you can check it or remove it from the list.
- [x] In case of feature or enhancement: documentation updated accordingly
- [x] Unless it's docs or a minor change: add [changelog](https://mailu.io/master/contributors/guide.html#changelog) entry file.
Co-authored-by: lub <git@lubiland.de>
1649: Update docs/reverse.rst with Traefik v2+ info r=mergify[bot] a=patryk-tech
## What type of PR?
Documentation
## What does this PR do?
Adds information about using Traefik v2+ as a reverse proxy.
### Related issue(s)
Closes#1503
## Prerequistes
Before we can consider review and merge, please make sure the following list is done and checked.
If an entry in not applicable, you can check it or remove it from the list.
- [x] In case of feature or enhancement: documentation updated accordingly
- [x] Unless it's docs or a minor change: add [changelog](https://mailu.io/master/contributors/guide.html#changelog) entry file.
1673: Remove rspamd unused env var from start script r=mergify[bot] a=cbachert
## What type of PR?
Cleanup
## What does this PR do?
Remove unused environment variable FRONT_ADDRESS in rspamd. FRONT_ADDRESS references were removed with commit 8172f3e in PR #727 like mentioned in chat https://matrix.to/#/!MINuyJjJSrfowljYCK:tedomum.net/$160401946364NGNmI:imninja.net?via=huisman.xyz&via=matrix.org&via=imninja.net
```
Mailu$ grep -r "FRONT_ADDRESS" core/rspamd/
core/rspamd/start.py:os.environ["FRONT_ADDRESS"] = system.get_host_address_from_environment("FRONT", "front")
```
### Related issue(s)
N/A
## Prerequistes
- [x] Documentation updated accordingly: No documentation to update
- [x] Add to changelog: Minor change
Co-authored-by: Patryk Tech <git@patryk.tech>
Co-authored-by: cbachert <cbachert@users.noreply.github.com>
- the session key is now generated using
- a hash of the uid seeded by the apps secret_key (size: SESSION_KEY_BITS)
- a random token (size: 128 bits)
- the session's creation time (size: 32 bits)
- redis server side sessions are now refreshed after 1/2 the session lifetime
even if not modified
- the cookie is also updated if necessary
This can be used to delete all sessions belonging to a user/login.
For no it just iterates over all sessions.
This could be enhanced by using a prefix for and deleting by prefix.
- call cleanup_sessions on first kvstore access
this allows to run cmdline actions without redis (and makes it faster)
- Allow development using DictStore by setting REDIS_ADDRESS to the empty string in env
- don't sign 64bit random session id as suggested by nextgens
1785: Fix bug #1660 (don't replace nested headers) r=mergify[bot] a=nextgens
## What type of PR?
bug-fix
## What does this PR do?
Don't replace nested headers (typically in forwarded/attached emails). This will ensure we don't break cryptographic signatures.
### Related issue(s)
- close#1660
## Prerequistes
Before we can consider review and merge, please make sure the following list is done and checked.
If an entry in not applicable, you can check it or remove it from the list.
- [x] Unless it's docs or a minor change: add [changelog](https://mailu.io/master/contributors/guide.html#changelog) entry file.
Co-authored-by: Florent Daigniere <nextgens@freenetproject.org>
1783: Switch to server-side sessions r=mergify[bot] a=nextgens
## What type of PR?
bug-fix
## What does this PR do?
It simplifies session management.
- it ensures that sessions will eventually expire (*)
- it implements some mitigation against session-fixation attacks
- it switches from client-side to server-side sessions (in Redis)
It doesn't prevent us from (re)-implementing a "remember_me" type of feature if that's considered useful by some.
Co-authored-by: Florent Daigniere <nextgens@freenetproject.org>
1610: add option to enforce inbound starttls r=mergify[bot] a=lub
## What type of PR?
Feature
## What does this PR do?
It implements a check in the auth_http handler to check for Auth-SSL == on and otherwise returns a 530 starttls error.
If INBOUND_TLS_ENFORCE is not set the behaviour is still the same as before, so existing installations should be unaffected.
Although there is a small difference to e.g. smtpd_tls_security_level of Postfix.
Postfix already throws a 530 after mail from, but this solution only throws it after rcpt to. auth_http is only the request after rcpt to, so it's not possible to do it earlier.
### Related issue(s)
#1328 is kinda related, although this PR doesn't solve the issue that the headers will still display ESMTP instead of ESMTPS
## Prerequistes
Before we can consider review and merge, please make sure the following list is done and checked.
If an entry in not applicable, you can check it or remove it from the list.
- [x] In case of feature or enhancement: documentation updated accordingly
- [x] Unless it's docs or a minor change: add [changelog](https://mailu.io/master/contributors/guide.html#changelog) entry file.
Co-authored-by: lub <git@lubiland.de>
1638: Remove the username from the milter_headers r=mergify[bot] a=githtz
Rspamd adds the name of the authenticated user by default. Setting add_smtp_user to false prevents the login to be leaked.
## What type of PR?
Enhancement
## What does this PR do?
This PR prevents the user login to be leaked in sent emails (for example using an alias)
### Related issue(s)
Closes https://github.com/Mailu/Mailu/issues/1465
## Prerequistes
Before we can consider review and merge, please make sure the following list is done and checked.
If an entry in not applicable, you can check it or remove it from the list.
- [x] Unless it's docs or a minor change: add [changelog](https://mailu.io/master/contributors/guide.html#changelog) entry file.
Co-authored-by: anrc <15327800+githtz@users.noreply.github.com>
- remove PASSWORD_SCHEME altogether
- introduce CREDENTIAL_ROUNDS
- migrate all old hashes to the current format
- auto-detect/enable all hash types that passlib supports
- upgrade passlib to 1.7.4 (see #1706: ldap_salted_sha512 support)
1765: Set sensible cookie flags on the admin app r=mergify[bot] a=nextgens
## What type of PR?
Bugfix
## What does this PR do?
It sets the right flags on the session cookie issued by the admin app.
This should probably be backported as the lack of secure flag on TLS-enabled setup is a high risk vulnerability.
SameSite is hardening / helps against CSRF on modern browsers
HTTPOnly is hardening / helps reduce the impact of XSS
Co-authored-by: Florent Daigniere <nextgens@freenetproject.org>
1763: show flash messages again r=mergify[bot] a=lub
## What type of PR?
bug-fix
## What does this PR do?
This basically restores the behaviour, that got removed in
ecdf0c25b3 during refactoring.
### Related issue(s)
- noticed it while reviewing #1756
## Prerequistes
Before we can consider review and merge, please make sure the following list is done and checked.
If an entry in not applicable, you can check it or remove it from the list.
- [-] In case of feature or enhancement: documentation updated accordingly
- [-] Unless it's docs or a minor change: add [changelog](https://mailu.io/master/contributors/guide.html#changelog) entry file.
Co-authored-by: lub <git@lubiland.de>
1618: add OCSP stapling to nginx.conf r=mergify[bot] a=lub
It's not added in tls.conf, because apparently the mail ssl module
doesnt' support OCSP stapling.
https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_ssl_module.html#ssl_stapling
^ exists
https://nginx.org/en/docs/mail/ngx_mail_ssl_module.html#ssl_stapling
^ missing
When the configured certificate doesn't have OCSP information, it'll
just log a warning during startup.
## What type of PR?
enhancement
## What does this PR do?
It enables OCSP stapling for the http server. OCSP stapling reduces roundtrips for the client and reduces load on OCSP responders.
### Related issue(s)
- fixes #1616
## Prerequistes
Before we can consider review and merge, please make sure the following list is done and checked.
If an entry in not applicable, you can check it or remove it from the list.
- [x] Unless it's docs or a minor change: add [changelog](https://mailu.io/master/contributors/guide.html#changelog) entry file.
Co-authored-by: lub <git@lubiland.de>
1607: _FILE variables for Docker swarm secrets r=mergify[bot] a=lub
## What type of PR?
enhancement
## What does this PR do?
This PR enables usage of DB_PW_FILE and SECRET_KEY_FILE instead of DB_PW and SECRET_KEY to load these values from files instead of supplying them directly. That way it's possible to use Docker secrets.
### Related issue(s)
## Prerequistes
Before we can consider review and merge, please make sure the following list is done and checked.
If an entry in not applicable, you can check it or remove it from the list.
- [x] In case of feature or enhancement: documentation updated accordingly
- [x] Unless it's docs or a minor change: add [changelog](https://mailu.io/master/contributors/guide.html#changelog) entry file.
Co-authored-by: lub <git@lubiland.de>
With `CHUNKING`set as a capability, nginx advertises this capability to
clients at a stage where the SMTP dialog does not seem to be forwarded
to the proxy-target (postfix) yet. Nginx' SMTP parser itself does not
support the `BDAT` command issued as part of a chunke-d dialog. This makes
Nginx respond with a `250 2.0.0 OK` and close the connection, after the
mail-data got sent by the client — without forwarding this to the
proxy-target.
With this, users mail can be lost.
Furthermore, when a user uses a sieve filter to forward mail, dovecot
sometimes chunks the forwarded mail when sending it through `front`.
These forwards then fail.
Removing `CHUNKING` from the capabilities fixes this behavior.
- yaml-import is now logged via schema.Logger
- iremoved relative imports - not used in other mailu modules
- removed develepment comments
- added Mailconfig.check method to check for duplicate domain names
- converted .format() to .format_map() where possible
- switched to yaml multiline dump for dkim_key
- converted dkim_key import from regex to string functions
- automatically unhide/unexclude explicitly specified attributes on dump
- use field order when loading to stabilize import
- fail when using 'hash_password' without 'password'
- fixed logging of dkim_key
- fixed pruning and deleting of lists
- modified error messages
- added debug flag and two verbosity levels
bors[bot]
lub