# Install Mailu on a docker swarm
## Prequisites
### Swarm
In order to deploy Mailu on a swarm, you will first need to initialize the swarm:
The main command will be:
```bash
docker swarm init --advertise-addr <IP_ADDR>
```
See https://docs.docker.com/engine/swarm/swarm-tutorial/create-swarm/
If you want to add other managers or workers, please use:
```bash
docker swarm join --token xxxxx
```
See https://docs.docker.com/engine/swarm/join-nodes/
You have now a working swarm, and you can check its status with:
```bash
core@coreos-01 ~/git/Mailu/docs/swarm/1.5 $ docker node ls
ID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS ENGINE VERSION
xhgeekkrlttpmtgmapt5hyxrb black-pearl Ready Active 18.06.0-ce
sczlqjgfhehsfdjhfhhph1nvb * coreos-01 Ready Active Leader 18.03.1-ce
mzrm9nbdggsfz4sgq6dhs5i6n flying-dutchman Ready Active 18.06.0-ce
```
### Volume definition
For data persistance (the Mailu services might be launched/relaunched on any of the swarm nodes), we need to have Mailu data stored in a manner accessible by every manager or worker in the swarm.
Hereafter we will use a NFS share:
```bash
core@coreos-01 ~ $ showmount -e 192.168.0.30
Export list for 192.168.0.30:
/mnt/Pool1/pv 192.168.0.0
```
on the nfs server, I am using the following /etc/exports
```bash
$more /etc/exports
/mnt/Pool1/pv -alldirs -mapall=root -network 192.168.0.0 -mask 255.255.255.0
```
on the nfs server, I created the Mailu directory (in fact I copied a working Mailu set-up)
```bash
$mkdir /mnt/Pool1/pv/mailu
```
On your manager node, mount the nfs share to check that the share is available:
```bash
core@coreos-01 ~ $ sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.0.30:/mnt/Pool1/pv/mailu /mnt/local/
```
If this is ok, you can umount it:
```bash
core@coreos-01 ~ $ sudo umount /mnt/local/
```
## Networking mode
On this example, we are using:
- the mesh routing mode (default mode). With this mode, each service is given a virtual IP adress and docker manages the routing between this virtual IP and the container(s) providing this service.
- the default ingress mode.
### Allow authentification with the mesh routing
In order to allow every (front & webmail) container to access the other services, we will use the variable POD_ADDRESS_RANGE.
Let's create the mailu_default network:
```bash
core@coreos-01 ~ $ docker network create -d overlay --attachable mailu_default
core@coreos-01 ~ $ docker network inspect mailu_default | grep Subnet
"Subnet": "10.0.1.0/24",
```
In the docker-compose.yml file, we will then use POD_ADDRESS_RANGE = 10.0.1.0/24
In fact, imap & smtp logs doesn't show the IPs from the front(s) container(s), but the IP of "mailu_default-endpoint". So it is sufficient to set POD_ADDRESS_RANGE to this specific ip (which can be found by inspecting mailu_default network). The issue is that this endpoint is created while the stack is created, I did'nt figure a way to determine this IP before the stack creation...
### Limitation with the ingress mode
With the default ingress mode, the front(s) container(s) will see origin IP(s) all being 10.255.0.x (which is the ingress-endpoint, can be found by inspecting the ingress network)
This issue is known and discussed here:
https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/25526
A workaround (using network host mode and global deployment) is discussed here:
https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/25526#issuecomment-336363408
### Don't create an open relay !
As a side effect of this ingress mode "feature", make sure that the ingress subnet is not in your RELAYHOST, otherwise you would create an smtp open relay :-(
## Scalability
- smtp and imap are scalable
- front and webmail are scalable (pending POD_ADDRESS_RANGE is used), although the let's encrypt magic might not like it (race condidtion ? or risk to be banned by let's encrypt server if too many front containers attemps to renew the certs at the same time)
- redis, antispam, antivirus, fetchmail, admin, webdav have not been tested (hence replicas=1 in the following docker-compose.yml file)
## Variable substitution and docker-compose.yml
The docker stack deploy command doesn't support variable substitution in the .yml file itself. As a consequence, we need to use the following work-around:
``` echo "$(docker-compose -f /mnt/docker/apps/mailu/docker-compose.yml config 2>/dev/null)" | docker stack deploy -c- mailu ```
We need also to:
- change the way we define the volumes (nfs share in our case)
- add a deploy section for every service
- the way the ports are defined for the front service
## Docker compose
An example of docker-compose-stack.yml file is available here:
```yaml
version: '3.2'
services:
front:
image: mailu/nginx:$VERSION
restart: always
env_file: .env
ports:
- target: 80
published: 80
- target: 443
published: 443
- target: 110
published: 110
- target: 143
published: 143
- target: 993
published: 993
- target: 995
published: 995
- target: 25
published: 25
- target: 465
published: 465
- target: 587
published: 587
volumes:
# - "$ROOT/certs:/certs"
- type: volume
source: mailu_certs
target: /certs
deploy:
replicas: 2
redis:
image: redis:alpine
restart: always
volumes:
# - "$ROOT/redis:/data"
- type: volume
source: mailu_redis
target: /data
deploy:
replicas: 1
imap:
image: mailu/dovecot:$VERSION
restart: always
env_file: .env
volumes:
# - "$ROOT/mail:/mail"
- type: volume
source: mailu_mail
target: /mail
# - "$ROOT/overrides:/overrides"
- type: volume
source: mailu_overrides
target: /overrides
depends_on:
- front
deploy:
replicas: 2
smtp:
image: mailu/postfix:$VERSION
restart: always
env_file: .env
environment:
- POD_ADDRESS_RANGE=10.0.1.0/24
volumes:
# - "$ROOT/overrides:/overrides"
- type: volume
source: mailu_overrides
target: /overrides
depends_on:
- front
deploy:
replicas: 2
antispam:
image: mailu/rspamd:$VERSION
restart: always
env_file: .env
environment:
- POD_ADDRESS_RANGE=10.0.1.0/24
depends_on:
- front
volumes:
# - "$ROOT/filter:/var/lib/rspamd"
- type: volume
source: mailu_filter
target: /var/lib/rspamd
# - "$ROOT/dkim:/dkim"
- type: volume
source: mailu_dkim
target: /dkim
# - "$ROOT/overrides/rspamd:/etc/rspamd/override.d"
- type: volume
source: mailu_overrides_rspamd
target: /etc/rspamd/override.d
deploy:
replicas: 1
antivirus:
image: mailu/none:$VERSION
restart: always
env_file: .env
volumes:
# - "$ROOT/filter:/data"
- type: volume
source: mailu_filter
target: /data
deploy:
replicas: 1
webdav:
image: mailu/none:$VERSION
restart: always
env_file: .env
volumes:
# - "$ROOT/dav:/data"
- type: volume
source: mailu_dav
target: /data
deploy:
replicas: 1
admin:
image: mailu/admin:$VERSION
restart: always
env_file: .env
environment:
- POD_ADDRESS_RANGE=10.0.1.0/24
volumes:
# - "$ROOT/data:/data"
- type: volume
source: mailu_data
target: /data
# - "$ROOT/dkim:/dkim"
- type: volume
source: mailu_dkim
target: /dkim
- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
depends_on:
- redis
deploy:
replicas: 1
webmail:
image: mailu/roundcube:$VERSION
restart: always
env_file: .env
volumes:
# - "$ROOT/webmail:/data"
- type: volume
source: mailu_data
target: /data
depends_on:
- imap
deploy:
replicas: 2
fetchmail:
image: mailu/fetchmail:$VERSION
restart: always
env_file: .env
volumes:
deploy:
replicas: 1
networks:
default:
external:
name: mailu_default
volumes:
mailu_filter:
driver_opts:
type: "nfs"
o: "addr=192.168.0.30,soft,rw"
device: ":/mnt/Pool1/pv/mailu/filter"
mailu_dkim:
driver_opts:
type: "nfs"
o: "addr=192.168.0.30,soft,rw"
device: ":/mnt/Pool1/pv/mailu/dkim"
mailu_overrides_rspamd:
driver_opts:
type: "nfs"
o: "addr=192.168.0.30,soft,rw"
device: ":/mnt/Pool1/pv/mailu/overrides/rspamd"
mailu_data:
driver_opts:
type: "nfs"
o: "addr=192.168.0.30,soft,rw"
device: ":/mnt/Pool1/pv/mailu/data"
mailu_mail:
driver_opts:
type: "nfs"
o: "addr=192.168.0.30,soft,rw"
device: ":/mnt/Pool1/pv/mailu/mail"
mailu_overrides:
driver_opts:
type: "nfs"
o: "addr=192.168.0.30,soft,rw"
device: ":/mnt/Pool1/pv/mailu/overrides"
mailu_dav:
driver_opts:
type: "nfs"
o: "addr=192.168.0.30,soft,rw"
device: ":/mnt/Pool1/pv/mailu/dav"
mailu_certs:
driver_opts:
type: "nfs"
o: "addr=192.168.0.30,soft,rw"
device: ":/mnt/Pool1/pv/mailu/certs"
mailu_redis:
driver_opts:
type: "nfs"
o: "addr=192.168.0.30,soft,rw"
device: ":/mnt/Pool1/pv/mailu/redis"
```
## Deploy Mailu on the docker swarm
Run the following command:
```bash
echo "$(docker-compose -f /mnt/docker/apps/mailu/docker-compose.yml config 2>/dev/null)" | docker stack deploy -c- mailu
```
See how the services are being deployed:
```bash
core@coreos-01 ~ $ docker service ls
ID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE PORTS
ywnsetmtkb1l mailu_antivirus replicated 1/1 mailu/none:master
pqokiaz0q128 mailu_fetchmail replicated 1/1 mailu/fetchmail:master
```
check a specific service:
```bash
core@coreos-01 ~ $ docker service ps mailu_fetchmail
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
tbu8ppgsdffj mailu_fetchmail.1 mailu/fetchmail:master coreos-01 Running Running 11 days ago
```
## Remove the stack
Run the follwoing command:
```bash
core@coreos-01 ~ $ docker stack rm mailu
```